Japanese

Contents

1. Prelude
- Prelude

2. Introduction
- Introduction
- The text to be used

3. They said that Marxism was like the measles.
- Almost all leaders' thought was related to socialism.
- World recognition of an intellectual of those days
- Quadruple Alliance of Japen, Germany, Italy and the Soviet Union
- Aims of Domestic New System and Great East Asia Coprosperity Sphere

4. The Converted Right was more excessive than the primary right
- Do you know the word "Converted Right wing"?
- Joint research of "Converting"
- All the socialist countries were "converted."
- Even if they convert, aiming at socialism does not change.
- All the members were warring!
- "The Intellectual's Paper" was the most excessive.
- People who caused The War

5. All were laid on on-site responsibility.
- The source of dispatch of military sexual slavery
- From what do they turn away people's eyes?

6. We should return to Hayek once again.
- We should return to Hayek once again.

1. Prelude

The US House of Representatives has rebuked US ally Japan and called for an apology for the sexual slavery to Japan's prime minister.

I think that adoption is unjust.

However, I think there are many misunderstanding about The War(the World War II) for the background of such a problem surfaces.
It also sets at the U.S. side, at the Japan side and at the other related country's side.

The argument developed here is about the theme why The War broke out, which I had been doubt for about 20 years. I am in the midst of still searching for a problem, but since this problem is large and complicated, I feel that it is impossible to solve them all. (I'm not a student of this field). However, I thought it never be useless to summarize an outline of the subject on the time when sex-slaves problem having attracted attension. So I write here.

Probably, I think the reason American friends had such a discussion is from the desire to know the truth. And they would be requiring that Japanese people should say the truth. And I believe that the testimony developed here is the real fact which they want to know.

2. Introduction

First, please look at the next advertisement.



This advertisement appears in the June 1931 issue of the monthly magazine "KAI-ZOU."

Name KAI-ZOU of the magazine means "Re-Creation", and surely means Social Reformatin by socialism.
Yet, the magazine was called "the intellectual's magazine".

Let's take out an advertising main part.

The Capital

The life of The Capital are forever.

There is no time when the worth of The Capital is keenly realized.
That is because socialism left the region of argument and turned into the maximum real power. So, all must be re-criticized from the mirror of the right recognition in the history.
...

As shown above, in that time, socialism had overwhelming influence, and intellectuals tried to practice socialism further more, and they were aimed at the social reconstruction by socialism throughly.

What on earth had occurred in Japan?
It was the time exactly ten years before the Pearl Harbor attack.


In this short article, I investigate about the cause why Japan broke The War from the view point of Professor Hayek's The Road to Serfdom(Condenced Version) -- in the light of the mirror of the contents.

Walter Williams has stated as follows in the preface of the book.

A focal point of The Road to Serfdom was to offer an explanation for the rise of Nazism, to correct the popular and erroneous view that it was caused by a character defect of the German people.

This short article wants to correct the view, which generally and mistakenly spread, that The War was caused by the defect of the Japanese people.


The text to be used

Although some texts are quoted, many are only quoted as data.
However, since the following texts offer the theoretical foundation of this argument, they are made to show clearly to call readers' attention.

Main text

1.The Road to Serfdom (Condenced Version) with The Intellectuals and Socialism

Professor Hayek's book. This "The Road to Serfdom" is condenced edition of Reader's Digest.
It is published from IEA (The Institute of Economic Affairs) of London.




2.War and Communism (March, 1950)

This book is the report about Japan's communist movement in the time from around 1930 to The War(1948). It was written by Takeo Mitamura. Published by Jiyuu-Sha(Liberty-Press).
The titles of this book looks like the tenth volume of the collected works of F. A. Hayek "Socialism and War".

This book was the ban on publication by inspection under U.S. occupation.
However, it does not look down upon worth of this book.
Professor Hayek's "The Road to Serfdom" had been the ban on publication under occupation of Germany.




3.monthly magazine "KAI-ZOU"

I get the advertizement of "The Capital" from this issue.

3. They said that Marxism was like the measles.

Almost all leaders' thought was related to socialism.

Yet it is significant that many of the leaders of these movements,Only from Mussolini down (and including Laval and Quisling) began as socialists and ended as fascists or Nazis. Hayek - The Road to Serfdom p.40

- The theoretical leader of the ultranationalism, Shumei Ohkawa, who was prosecuted as A-class war criminal by Tokyo Trial, began as a young socialist.

- The theoretical leader of fascism of Japan, Kazuteru Kita, who wrote "Fundamental principles of the Bill of National reconstruction", was a socialist.

- Fumimaro Konoe who was prosecuted as an A-class war criminal by Tokyo Trial too, established Taisei-Yokusan-Kai(Imperial Rule Assistance Association) which steps toward the way, and concluded RAINBOW(Triparite Pact by Japan, Germany and Italy), had the big socialists' brains like Kiyoshi Miki and Masamichi Royama.

- Konoe also had a brain Hotsumi Ozaki who was the member of a Sorge spy ring.
The Sorge spy ring gave big influence towards conclusion of Triparite Pact by Japan, Germany and Italy.

- Kanji Ishihara who caused the Manchurian Incident respected Marx, Lenin and Stalin very much. Midori Shiratori : World final game theory : Hobun-sha 1971

- There were also bureaucrats who were called reformist-bureaucrats, and who made The War regime. They aimed at the reform based on socialism too.

- There is a report that The Research and Planning Department of South Manchuria Railway which played the role important for the management of Manchuria employed many converted Marxists. Yasuhiko Nishizawa: Illustration - South Manchuria Railway : Kawade-Shobo-Shinsha 2000

They never chose socialism for rule avarice, hunger for fame, and lust of lucre. Rather, such unclean avarice was refused, and they choose socialism in quest of the world of freedom, of equal, of humanity, where there are no-classs and there are no trouble of poverty. However, at the same time, they were convinced clearly that it was necessaly to "converts this present world from the bottom" in order to do so.

Who does not know the practical man who in his own field denounces socialism as 'pernicious rot' but, when he steps outside his subject, spouts socialism like any Left journalist? Hayek - Intellexcuals and Socialism p.112

- Shinsuke Kishi who was then a reformist bureaucrat, was in the position of anti-Marxism. However, he "had no idea of maintaining a private property system" those days. Suzuhisa Hara: Shinsuke Kishi : Iwanami pocketbook 1995

- Although he was not a person of the time of The War, Yukio Mishima, the writer, wrote the "cultural defense theory" against communism. He blames in the book. "Tian-Iji-Hou(the Public Security Law) which is putting the Emperor and private property identically is disrespectful." Moreover, the hero of his novel "Honba" is drawn as a terrorist who kills a capitalist like the unclean pig.
Property rights were the important rights which people had under the Constitution of the Empire of Japan(Meiji Constitution). Although he graduated from the law department of Tokyo Imperial University(Tokyo University), he had a feeling of repulsion over private property. In spite of having been opposed to communism ...

In the old days, I saw with the book of the person who was a college student at the time of Taisho Democracy(1910's democratic movement), they said "Marxism was like the measles." then. That is, a college student -- all are almost attached for Marxism and he came to have got fever sick. And that "those who are not influenced by Marxism are thought to be an amusing person personally." Moreover, "fever having stopped and having cured completely after a while," may also be that measles [was a reason called deer].


There is an interesting figure about the feature of the thought organization which played an active part in the 1920's in the research on Showa Era of prewar days -- "the structure of Japan in Showa Era : Kiyotada Tsutsui : Kodansha".

thought group	Anarchist	Marxist	Ultra nationalist	Social democratist	All-out war group of Army	Reformist bureaucrats
Emperorism	no	no	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
All-out war regime	no	no	no	Yes	Yes	Yes
Socialism	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	no	Yes

You can see in the figure that almost all the thought group takes hold on "socialism."
(An army all-out war group is an army upper official. Since military men were inhibited to concern with a political issue, they were not able to have socialist thought those days. However, since the youth officers who caused 2.26 trouble aimed at the national reconstruction by socialism, they are classified into ultranationalism according to the book.)

The intellectuals who, Hayek says, have big influence on social movement were not appear in this figure. However, we can guess, from the overwhelming influence of socialism, they would be a socialist or almost a sympathizer of a socialist altogether. That is, mass media and teachers are considered to have been those who supported the Marxism, social democracy and a reformist bureaucrat from the reverse side.

In every country that has moved toward socialism, the phase of the development in which socialism becomes a determining influence on politics has been preceded for many years by a period during which socialist ideals governed the thinking of the more active intellectuals. In Germany this stage had been reached towards the end of the last century; in England and France, about the time of the First World War.
--
Experience suggests that, once this phase has been reached, it is merely a question of time until the views now held by the intellectuals become the governing force of politics. Hayek - Intellectuals and Socialism - p.106)

Wasn't the time when Shumei Ohkawa was possessed with socialism a time when socialism began to permeate intellectual class gradually, in Japan? (Shumei Ohkawa's Tokyo Imperial University entrance is 1907)

The Russian Revolution occured in 1917.

And socialist movement will go into the stage of practice by the student movement, a labor movement, etc. around from 1920. It corresponds to the time 20 years before the Pearl Harbor attack.

The important considerations are written in "War and Communism" as follows.

That is, the intelligentsia Marxist who received the baptisms of Marxism by the age of about 20 to 25 years old at the time range of Taisho 12(1923) to Showa 4(1929) grew up the age of about 35 to 40 years old at the time of Showa 12(1937), when Japan-Chaina war occurred. And they occupied the leading layer of a government office, an active part in the front of many private sector organizations, and they responded to slogans, such as to overthrow present condition, to make innovation, to overthrow capitalism, and to make a progressive policy, -- Takeo Mitamura - War and Communism

The person who was 20 to 30 around 1925 will reach 35 to 45 in 1940. Moreover, since considering especially an intellectual, it is considered to be ten-year before (Shumei Ohkawa era) that socialism began to monopolize intellectuals' idea, intellectuals until 55-years old in 1940 are considered to have been a socialist admirer of a certain form.

And since there were no choices other than socialism in the meantime, it seems that people who went into the university after 1915 were also delirious with socialist heat. It means that people who play an active part in the front were almost all occupied by those people.

Important is it that people who graduates from a university stood on the position which almost guides society altogether.

They became a newspaper reporter, a broadcast reporter, a college professor, a teacher, a politician, an upper bureaucrat, a government official, the writer, the artist, and the executives of the large company.

And so, at the time when most of all directing people who guide Japan(leaders from his 20's to his 50's) were occupied by the people who received the socialist baptism, The War has occurred.

Thus for something over half a century it has been only the socialists who have offered anything like an explicit programme of social development, a picture of the future society at which they were aiming, and a set of general principles to guide decisions on particular issues. Hayek - Intellectuals and Socialism - p.106

As Hayek's text shows, at that time, most of Japanese leaders considered socialism to be the only method of solving present difficulty.

World recognition of an intellectual of those days

It would go far beyond the limits of this article to trace the causes and significance of the highly important fact that in the modern world the intellectuals provide almost the only approach to an international community. Hayek - Intellectuals and Socialism - p.112-113

Although the military man may be well versed about a military problem, they only get other information from intellectuals. The information how to act when they faced to an intermational probrem. The information how to act on the ground of foreseeing information about future society.

How were the Japanese intellectuals looking at the state of the world, and how were they conceiving of the future society?

Let's see some writings of Hotsumi Ozaki, who graduated from Tokyo Imperial University, became a newspaper reporter of Asahi Shimbun Publishing, became Fumimaro Konoe's brain as a prominent China critic, and was arrested on spy suspicion just before the outbreak of war. (from War and Communism)

Next war will become near the world last war which involved in the U.S. and Britain. It certainly causes the ultimate change in the world. And although a world communism revolution does not accomplish completely, it reaches a decisive stage.

The way to cut off a vicious circle, caused by imperialism policy, from division of a world by war to re-division of a resource territory by war, will be only accomplished by establishing new global organization, which liquidates domestic exploitation squeezing relations and liquidates the same relation in the world. That is, an only conclusion is that, communistic new order must replace with world capitalism. Takeo Mitamura - War and Communism

He was picturing in mind.

First, Japan will tie up with German and Italy.
- -
Second, Japan will war with the U.S. and Britain after all.
(as a result , Japan will perfectry exhausting national power)
- -
Third, at last we will be borrowing the power of the Soviet Union, aiming at conversion to the socialistic state in China first, and aiming at conversion to the socialistic state of Japan itself in relation with this.
- -
Especially in order to accomplish the conversion which Japan requires in hostile relations with British-American imperialism, assistance of the Soviet Union is needed. Furthermore, it is desiable that three nations, the Soviet Union and Japan which freed itself from the capitalism and China after the Communist Party grasps perfect hegemony, carry out a close tie-up. Making close combination of the above three races into a core, we aimed to establish the race community of many East Asian races.
- -
I believes surely that the second global war cause a world change. - -
I am sure of reaching a decisive stage of a world communism revolution, although does not accomplish completely through the process of this second global war.
- -
The reason are,
- -
First, the fight between world imperialism, after all, cause an extreme catastrophe each others, and break the existing socioeconomic system their own. And a possibility of shifting to a proletarian revolution in a defeated nation house is the highest, like the case of World War I.
- -
Second, there exists a communist state, the mighty Soviet Union.
- -
Third, colonies and half-colonies will accomplish self-release through the process of this war, and may progress in the communistic direction in some races between them.
- -
To the last, I am sure that the following world war undertake the fate of the final settlement of the accounts of capitalist society. Takeo Mitamura - War and Communism

By the way, the following readable reports were also in the magazine "Kai-Zou". (Kai-Zou: The April, Showa 15 occasional version : Edgar Snow "Does Stalin sell China?") 1940 - the German vs. the Soviet Union war has not occurred yet.

Intellectuals were reading Edgar Snow's report. I cannot think at all that this subject appeal to the interest of ordinary persons. It shows clearly where the intellectual's interest was.

Although a bourgeois state may take various form, such as military dictatorship, parliamentalism democracy, and fascism, there shall be no essential difference in any way among these, from the view point of ommunist believes. Nevertheless, The Comintern may distingwish temporary friendly countries from, an positively hostile country. And , according to Moscow government's policy "using inconsistency between these countries", it is no problem to union with any of them, for sake of turning the imperialist war against the Soviet Union to another direction, Stalin does not have any objection in dispute restricted among capitalism countries. It is because there may be "the second imperialist war also draws the victory of the revolution in one or some countries" as he stated in March, last year. Therefore, it is the duty of all branches of The Comintern "to convert imperialist war into a civil war" and "to protect the Soviet Union."
- -
Finally, in imperialist war, strong countries of capitalism exhausts the resources and human power again,"The victory of the last of a world revolution" is predicted based on the belief that they destroy the safety of their own country, make the greatest result of capitalist civilization into nothing, bring perfect moral material bankruptcy of "bourgeois society" and a division burst is carried out internally. Edgar Snow : "Does Stalin sell China?" : "Kai-Zou" The April, 1940 occasional version

Combining thought, such as Shumei Ohkawa, etc. with the above description, the ideas of the intellectuals are summed up like as follows, generally.

1. Also domestically and internationally, a capitalism system is in a collapse process.

2. The social organization which can support people after the collapse is not possible other than the socialism which brings about the ancient communist society of mutual love (union and altruism) by the fruit of modern science.

3. Shown by World War I, Russia and Germany became socialist countries. So the second imperialist war, which should come, serves as a decisive turning point of converting this capitalism system into a socialism system on a scale of worldwide area.

4. The second imperialist war will turn into the world last war in which all imperialism countries participate including the U.S. and Britain.

As a result of the analysis before, the course to which Japan should progress is drawn.

- Domestically, it is establishment of a Domestic New System.
- Internationally, it is establishment of Great East Asia Coprosperity Sphere.

Don't overlook that both aimed at the socialism system. Therefore, the idea of having conference with Chiang Kaishek who is in U.S.-British hands should not appear. On the background of Fumimaro Konoe's declaring, "Does not make Chiang Kaishek into a partner" the intellectuals firm support should be. (The intellectuals of present Japan have no attention against Taiwan, either. They has ignored it completely.)

Especially, when considering an international relation, in order to survive as socialist countries, clearly, it is necessally to construct a mechanism like loose socialistic state union in which the mutual exchange of the required resources can be carried out reciprocally. Therefore, when considering the range of getting required resources, in order for Japan to survive as socialist countries, they have to include Indonesia, where oil naturally exists, in the federation of nations.

And in addition, since countries of South Asia serves as a colony of the imperialism country of Europe, it is perfect "justice" to release the colony and to receive in the socialistic state union, on the justice of "the mirror of the socialist good." That is, Japan had gone to Asia not only to release the race from a mere colony, but to "release them from capitalism."

"Great East Asia Coprosperity Sphere" was never the slogan made by militaly with a makeshift, but was the route for firm survival based on analysis of a socialist that a capitalism system was in a perfect collapse phase on a scale of worldwide.

Quadruple Alliance of Japen, Germany, Italy and the Soviet Union

Probably, many Japanese men in general don't yet know a design called Quadruple Alliance of Japan, German, Italy and the Soviet Union.

Although I got to know with the book of Tami Torii at first, Fumimaro Konoe was conceiving of "the Union of Japan, German, Italy and the Soviet Union." Finally it becomes a form of "Triparite Pact by Japan, Germany and Italy" and "Soviet-Japanese Neutrality Pact."

"The leaders of Japan other than military men including Fumimaro Konoe become interested greatly" to the proposal of this "Quadruple Alliance of Japan, German, Italy and the Soviet Union." the point of argument of the history of Showa: Bunshun library

The reason why heads became interested in the design would be following, probably.

That is, "Quadruple Alliance of Japan, German, Italy and the Soviet Union" just means "National Socialism Alliance".

It is because, those days, Germany and the Soviet Union have been considered to be the most succeeded socialist countries, by many intellectuals. As an important historical backdrop, Germany and the Soviet Union connected "German-Soviet Nonaggression Pact(August, 1939 - June, 1941)" then.

I think that trends of the intellectuals to bend to socialism would have occurred worldwide, not only Japan.

The movie "Sound of Music" shows signs that the leaders and government officials (provincial warlord) of Austria flutters in successful socialist-countries Germany. As a fact, the laborers of Austria accepted Hitler enthusiastically. - Annexation of Austria (March, 1938)

France greets surrender (June, 1940) of Paris, without the ability to hardly counterattack after invasion of Germany, and serves as socialist countries.
Although like Japan, after the Russian Revolution, French was a country which burns with a socialist ideal, it is said that they devoted in pacifism, so resistance was hardly made.
However, I might think it is because the intellectual tried to choose socialism as a matter -- although I do not have the knowledge to tell about the history of Europe -- the resistance National Front for German is formed in France also for one year later (only one month before the May, 1941-Germany vs. The Soviet Union war was started).
That is, at the occupation time of Paris, socialistic states Germany and the Soviet Union were not opposing.

The German-Soviet Nonaggression Pact in August, 1939 misguided the judgment of French intellectuals, didn't it?

Aims of Domestic New System and Great East Asia Coprosperity Sphere

What is promised to us as the Road to Freedom is in fact the Highroad to Servitude.
For it is not difficult to see what must be the consequences when democracy embarks upon a course of planning. The goal of the planning will be described by some such vague term as 'the general welfare'. There will be no real agreement as to the ends to be attained, and the effect of the people's agreeing that there must be central planning, without agreeing on the ends, will be rather as if a group of people were to commit themselves to take a journey together without agreeing where they want to go: with the result that they may all have to make a journey which most of them do not want at all. Hayek : The Road to Serfdom p.49

Let's see the route of Japan which Shumei Ohkawa were drawing, as another example.

Next is a figure showing Shumei Ohkawa's thought.

Construction of restorative Japan (domestic reconstruction)	Realization of the freedom in an inner life
	Realization of equality in a political life
	Realization of the friendship in economic life
Establishment of a national ideal (world reconstruction)	Release of a colored race
	Moral unification in the world

You may see that it takes hold on the ideal of the French Revolution deeply.
Moreover, that it is similar to many socialists' ideal.
However, it seems impossible to form the clear agreement of the end which should reach, as Hayek says.
It is because there are many people of all classes, say -- farmers, factory workers, military men and much more.

However, people who could show the composition of the future society were only socialists,as Hayek says. Then, the way to the future of Japan were paved by the promice which only socialists could commit.

Although foreign people probably cannot image the Hayek's saying, "when democracy embarks upon a course of planning" for Japanese case. But Japan already enforced a Low of Universal Male Suffrage Act in 1928, and Japan can make an agreement of all people.
Japan was already a democratic country.

However then, the current of thought had already tended toward socialism simultaneously.

Though nobody will regret that education has ceased to be a privilege of the propertied classes, the fact that the propertied classes are no longer the best educated and the fact that the large number of people who owe their position solely to their general education do not possess that experience of the working of the economic system which the administration of property gives, are important for understanding the role of the intellectual. Hayek - Intellectuals and Socialism p.110

In Japan of prewar days, many of people who came out of the highly selective college became a government official, and they arrived at the important national status. Most of them do not have an experience to produce wealth. Moreover, people who similarly become a teacher and a professor do not have an experience to produces wealth, either. Although it will said to be the fate of a modern state, people of almost all the upper layers are occupied by the person who don't produce wearth, but distribute the produced wealth. Although they probably get interested in the whereabouts of allocation of a national budget, they are indifferent to people who produce the national budget (that is, people who gain).

Moreover, many of they became a people of selling an idea, a newspaper reporter, a writer, an artist etc. However, probably, they cannot regard as having respected people who make wealth (people who gain), but rather despised them.

Moreover, they also became the executives of the large company. Probably, since they have not had an experience to produce wealth, people who took the post come to manage a company with the technique of obtaining profits by a national plan combining itself to a part of nation, but by the capitalist technique based on a free trade.

These things cast a dark shadow over Japanese society.

Wasn't it fatal in Japan especially that the intllectuals clung to the idea of socialism, that wealth could be produced by a plan?

4. The Converted Right was more excessive than the primary right

Do you know the word "Converted Right wing"?

Probably, the Japanese man in general is hardly told this word "Converted Right."
Because, they never teach this word in school education, and we can hardly see this word also in the report treating many of those times.

And even if described, it will be used only in order not to be told about the important meaning and to blame very special people (for example, people like Fusao Hayashi who converted and remained as "bad" right without returning).

The Converted Right are the people who came to the Right in the time tword war and in the time of war, though they are originally the Left. That is, the Converted Right is a name of the Left. And the more important fact is that, "the Converted Right was more excessive than the primitive right."

They are the men carring out the biggest influence toward The War, and taking the lead and commanding The War. If they were missed from a historical description, we can't but saying, "the important viewpoint of The War has fallen out".

Moreover, if that is not grasped firmly, we the general public may be again involved in the next war.

However, many researchers will not tell this fact and they are not willing to study.

It is also natural.

It is because, it was they themselves (or their predecessor) who came to the Converted Right.

Joint Research of "Converting"

The reserch of Converted Right is made by the book of three volumes.("the joint research - Converting" published 1959) However, it is clear for this to be written by the left-side, and to force responsibility on the military or the Japanese upper levels authorities, and to be written by the intention which tries to rescue communist thought. However, we must read this book if we try to study this probrem(or get to know why we had The War).




It is very important, whether you only know how many people had come to the Converted Right. And it is also important to know who came to the Converted Right. And it is also important to get to know the fact that many othe people, whom the book had not write for, also come.

All the socialist countries were "converted."

It is mistaken to consider that turning was the special phenomenon which occurred only that time of Japan. It is because all the present socialist countries have converted.

- According to Hayek, German Italy followed the socialist way and reached totalitarianism. Weren't they nationalistic?

- Wasn't the Soviet Union aggressive? Wasn't it nationalistic?

- Why all the countries that admire socialism are so nationalistic, totalitarianistic and militaristic?

When political power is not socialism, a socialist is pacifism, is anti-nationalism and is anti-dictatorship. However, just as they wrests political power, they perform despotic government for the victim of nationalism, and attack the neighboring country violently.

It gives an important suggestion that war has broken out in the neighboring countries of many socialist countries. Such as Germany vs. the Soviet Union, China vs. the Soviet Union, China vs. Vietnam, China vs. Cambodia - etc..

All they are "converted."

It is clear from the above fact that socialists altogether are convert in the process toward socialism. Then, what kind of effect did it give to Japan? Japan was tending toward the socialism on the process of making The War.

Let's see the figure which raised before. It is as follows as a result of their turn.

thought group	Anarchism	Marxism	Ultra nationalism	Social democratism	All-out war group of Army	Reformist bureaucrats
Emperorism	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
All-out war regime	no	no	no	Yes	Yes	Yes
Socialism	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	no	Yes

And a conversion of the intellectuals is more important. That is described later.

Even if they convert, aiming at socialism does not change.

The Converting Declaration of Sano and Nabeyama (July, 1932) should be led to the extensive conversion of many people. When seeing it, we can notice, converted people did not throw away socialism. They only throw away the anti-Emperor principle (anti-nationalism and anti-dictatorship). Isn't it the same as having happened in Germany at all?

They acquired the power of finishing social reconstruction increasingly, by using nations nationalism and an Emperor principle as a victim. The policy which goes to restriction of private property and a controlled economy comes to be taken one after another. They are the Assistant election system of voting for confidence to only one candidate whom the Association recommends, which I guess to have learned from Germany and the Soviet Union's. Same days, "advanced national-defense 5 year plan" is carried out.

I referred before that many Converted people had entered the Research and Planning Department of South Manchuria Railway. We can see a plan clearly there. - (industrial development 5-year plan (1936)).

Although I did't investigate, doesn't the thought of the collective farm (sovkhoz and kolkhoz) serve as a prototype by development of one more Manchuria, as for the characteristic Manchuria exploitation team? It is never joke that they surely believed of successing of the socialism brings about the following situations.

we could 'develop it(socialism) as it might be developed, and we could all live like princes, supposing that we wanted to'. Hayek - The Fatal Conceit p.56

All the members were warring!

This is words of a certain painter who said in the newspaper (2 or 3 years before) (I think whether it was Sankei Shimbun surely). Such words rarely appears in public.

He became a soldier and went to the battlefield. And he indignanted at mass media carrying out bad-fellow treatment only of the military men, and said his mind as a title.

"It is not fair that we only are blamed."

"War and Communism" have carried the following introductions. It is the situation about five years after The War.

The demonstration parade which hoisted the red flag fills the street for a long time. --- to where the human being has gone, 10,000's and 100,000's person who shook the flag of that Rising-Sun and sang and passed with the patriotic marching song? -- and - from where does this human being come out, 10,000's and 100,000's people who hoists a red flag, sings a revolutionary song, and doing the grand demonstration parade? The time when whole nation is overwhelmed by war fever, I think, where were they and what were they doing? And thinking calmly, I notices a serious thing. Is the human being who shook the flag of the Rising-Sun flag, and sang and passed along the patriotic marching song in wartime, just same human being who shakes a red flag, and sings and passes along a revolutionary song now?
-- -- Takeo Mitamura - War and Communism

This means the next. On wartime, "all the left wings had Converted into the right wing". All people including people who have some left-wing ideas and who are considered to be moderate.

"The Intellectual's Paper" was the most excessive.

It is pointed out by many people that "the intellectual's newspaper" was the most excessive. Although it is said that the Intellectual's Newspaper greatly lengthened number of copies then, there is no report that core reading people of the Newspaper replaced. That is, the left-wing intellectuals who read that newspaper (core people of the reader) -- leaved the left - and converted to the right wing. Intellectuals had also came to the Converted Right. Those people who, originally the Left people, have overwhelming influence on mass media, on literature, on arts, on religion, on political ideas, on economic thoughts had become the Converted Right.

From when did the turn of the intellectuals occur? It is said that "the Intellectual's Newspaper" changed bordering on the Manchurian Incident. Probably you may think and conclude that from then the intellectuals converted.

Probably, it is hard from escaping the power of going to war for the general public, because all intellectuals became the Converted Right. Also for people who were conscripted and went to the battlefield --. Nevertheless, being burdened with all the responsibility are people who went to the battlefield. And "the Intellectual's Newspaper" have been consistently attacking soldiers' responsibility most violently after the war.

People who caused The War

In fact, considering the character of The War, the intellectuals, those who converted, should be considered to be the most important figure.

Intellectuals were the Left in the beginning. And they converted to the Right bordering on the Manchurian Incident. The Right who converted were more excessive than the primitive right. And Japan was defeated, then they returned to the Left again.

Seeing this motion, they seem to have been shaken, the Left -> the Right -> the Left, by unavoidable current of the times. However, when considering this deeply, we notice the following serious fact.

Their muzzle of a gun had been aimed at the U.S. and the U.K. constantry, and had not swung at all.

- Here were the men who had the strongest motive to cause The War. -

When they faced to the U.S. and the U.K., which is an perfect enemy of their socialist theory, the intellectuals spanked military men violently to go to the enemy, poked up a popular's hatred to the enemy, and were inflaming will to fight.

In China, the front enemy was Chiang Kaishek. I am hearing that the Newspapers of those days had said Chiang Kaishek's to be very bad. Although the U.S. and the U.K. are the objects of hatred of the intellectuals, those who become a hand of the U.S. and the U.K. and interrupt them are the targets of more intense hatred.

After the war, Japan contracted the security treaty and went into the camp of the U.S. and the U.K. Nevertheress, they, the intellectuals and the Intellectuals Newspaper opposite to Japan-United States Security Treaty, and attacking violently to the Japanese Self-Defense Forces which stood on the U.S. and Britain side.

When former Prime Minister Koizumi dispatched the Self-Defense Forces to Iraq, he worshipped at "Yasukuni Shrine." He went to pray for a safe execution of the duty and return of the Self-Defense Forces to the gods of Yasukuni Shrine. It means that the gods of Yasukuni Shrine is fighting with the U.S. and the U.K. now (in practice they are fighting as the spirits of defense of the fatherland, Japan).

The newspaper which blamed violently the former Prime Minister Koizumi's visit to Yasukuni Shrine was the Intellectuals Newspaper. (And they were China, North Korea, and the South Korean Left)

Intellectuals and their newspaper changed the opinion into the left from the right after The War. By moving to the left, they seem to have moved from War to Peace. However, looking by another dimension, i.e., not "contrast of the right and the left", but by contrast of "liberalism and socialism", they did not move from War to Peace.

- They are continuing The War. -

Although the gods of the Yasukuni Shrine and all the soldiers stopped The War, putting off the gun. --

5. All were laid on on-site responsibility.

The source of dispatch of military sexual slavery

All the sources of dispatch are that "Intellectuals Newspaper." And it was shown clearly by the only Japanese conservative newspaper that the many were misreports. Nevertheless, people of many positions as a leader will not explain to the blame of many foreign countries which occurred in response to false dispatch. Even mass media, the Japan Broadcasting Corporation which should correct the information disadvantageous to Japanese, does not try to explain to many foreign countries. Furthermore, they also are not going to tell the people the truth.

Normally, as the Intellectuals have a job of managing informations, they must be sensible to the wrong information. However, the reader of "the Intellectuals Newspaper" are not sensitive to the information in the case when they blame Japanese old army.

It means the next. Say, --

It is more convenient for them to keep people misunderstanding a lie as it is true.

There are several reasons.

(1) Although when the policy is successful, people who are responsible to a certain policy praise themselves for success, but when it fails, they shift responsibility to the spot. That is, they who assert on-site responsibility loud have a high possibility of being people who have to take responsibility about The War.

(2) By crying for a slaughter, rape, and sensational subject loud, people are misunderstood that it is a main subject, and they are kept ambiguous of the fact why The War occurred.

(3) Serious verification work is required to clarify a misreport. Therefore, a serious researcher can be stared on the problem and the brunt of a true pursuit can be made to be changed.

From what do they turn away people's eyes?

From what do they turn away people's eyes?

That "the Intellectuals Newspaper" began the intense attack to the old soldier (in fact attack to conservative forces), which is "passing the buck around to the spot", from the 1990s by making military sexual slavery as the start. What kind of time did they attack? Many people says, since people who can bring forth a counterargument decreased, they began such an attack. Probably, that will also be true.

But I wish to mention the fact with important one more. The 1990s is the time when the Berlin Wall is removed and the Soviet Union was disassembled.

That is, the people who read the Intellectuals Newspaper were being more absorbed in reading brutality of the old Japanese army, rather than having read the report of the process in which socialism goes wrong and fade out. Although it also becomes turning away people's eyes, in fact, it will also turn away their own eyes.

They did not want to see the process in which socialism fails. Instead, they read the report of brutality of the old Japanese army hard, and poked up hatred, and continuing to burn the flame of justice. The flame of the justice based on socialism --.

And they approached to China, expressed the opinion of the North Korea slippage, said the opinion which takes part in South Korean left-wing mass media, and fulfilled their hearts.

I consider. "The intellectual's newspaper" itself necessarily does not tend to operate public opinion, and I think that people who are reading "the Intellectuals Newspaper" desire such a report.

And the books, which don't gaze at a historical fact, which still referres to as "Go Back to Marx", are published continuesly as if there was nothing wrong.

Collapse of the Soviet Union does not only show that their activity from postwar period had made a mistake. But also show the fact that their direction which they were advancing from the time of Taisho Democracy(1910'th) had made a mistake.

By their mistake, how many people had to fall victim?
How many people were in pain?
Fall victim are not only Japanese.

6. We should return to Hayek once again.

I read the book "War and Communism", before reading Hayek's book, and I came to have the view about The War, which is different from the mass.

And by reading Hayek's "the condenced version of the Road to Serfdom" and "the Intellectuals and Socialism", I came to think that my view was almost right and that the case of Japan was almost the same case that happened in Germany and Italy.

I don't claim of all my views are right. However, I think that there must be such a view naturally. Because my thought is very naturl that they who broke The War must be the men who had the strongest power to decide the direction of Japanese feature then.

I hope all general people to read Hayek's "the Road to Serfdom", and "the Intellectuals and Socialism."

The general people must read by all means. It is because the general people becomes a victim. If general people do not read this book themselves, the same failure will be repeated repeatedly.

Furthermore, I hope you to read Hayek's "The Fatal Conceit (the errors of socialism)" very much. (I am sure that he wrote "the Road to Serfdom", and "The Fatal Conceit" for general people).

Furthermore, I hope Japanese people to read "War and Communism" very much. At present, I think that this book puts emphasis on Comintern's conspiracy too much. However, if you refer to Hayek's book and see, you will know the truth that really happened.

The Edwin Foilner Junior wrote in the preface of "the Intellectuals and Socialism."

Clearly much remains to be done before we can enjoy a truly free society. And for guidance we should once again turn to Hayek. Intellectuals and Socialism p.94

I also think so.


October 12, 2008(web)

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